翻译：博士陈

关于蓬佩奥宣布取消香港的“特殊地位”的含义，本文可供参考。本文翻译的时间为2019年11月28日，可见，并非像蓬佩奥在声明中所声称的，是作为对中国“单方面、武断地将国家安全立法强加于香港”的回应，而是已有预案。

Hong Kong’s Special Status under the U.S.-Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992

1992年美国-香港政策法案下的香港特殊地位

Congress passed the United States-Hong Kong Policy Actof 1992 to institutionalize U.S. treatment of Hong Kong for the period starting from the British handover of Hong Kong to China in 1997 until at least Hong Kong’s formal reintegration with China in 2047. This act was predicated on the assumption that following Hong Kong’s handover and for at least 50 years thereafter, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region would still “enjoy ahigh degree of autonomy on all matters other than defense and foreign affairs”under China’s “one country, two systems” framework (which also applies to Macau).Beijing’s commitments under the framework are included in Hong Kong’s Basic Law, adopted by China’s National People’s Congress in 1990 and introduced following the handover.

国会通过了1992年的美国-香港政策法案，将香港的待遇制度化，（有效期）从1997年英国将香港移交给中国，到2047年至少香港与中国正式重新融合。该法案的前提是，在香港移交后至少50年，香港特别行政区仍将在中国“一国两制”下享有“除国防和外交以外的所有事务的高度自治权”（同样适用于澳门）。北京在这一框架下的承诺包含在香港的基本法中，在1990的中国全国人民代表大会通过，并在移交之后引入。

The act recognizes Hong Kong’s important role in the regional and global economy and states that Hong Kong’s strong economic and cultural ties with the United States underpin U.S. interests in the “continued vitality, prosperity, and stability of Hong Kong.”It also states that all parts of the act will remainin force unless the U.S. president makes a determination that Hong Kong“is not sufficiently autonomous to justify treatment under a particular law of the United States. . .different from that accorded the People’s Republic of China,” but could also be subsequently reinstated if the president determined Hong Kong had regained sufficient autonomy.

该法案承认香港在地区和全球经济中的重要作用，并指出，香港与美国的经济和文化纽带牢固地支撑着美国的“持续活力、繁荣”。它还指出，该法案的所有部分都将继续有效，除非美国总统认定香港“没有足够的自治权来证明根据美国某一特定法律给予的待遇是合理的. . .与中华人民共和国的规定不同，”但如果总统决定香港恢复了足够的自治权，也可以恢复。

The agreement allows for special treatment of Hong Kong in a variety ofarenas, including:

该协议允许对香港在各种场所进行特殊待遇包括：

1. Support for Hong Kong’s participation in multilateral for a where Hong Kong is eligible;

支持香港参与有资格参与的多边活动

2. Separate treatment for Hong Kongin regard to economic and trade matters, including import quotas, non discriminatory trade treatment, sustained operation of U.S. businesses, and access to sensitive technologies controlled under the multilateral Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (replaced by the Wassenaar Arrangement) for as long as the United States “is satisfied that such technologies are protected from improper use or export”;

在经济和贸易事项上给予香港特殊待遇，包括进口配额、贸易优惠待遇、美国企业的持续经营和多边出口管制多边协调委员会控制下的敏感技术（由贸易法委员会安排取代），只要美国“确信这些技术得到保护，不被不当使用或出口”；

3. Recognition of Hong Kong’s ships, airplanes, transport licenses, and the negotiation of new transport service agreements; and

认可香港的船舶、飞机、运输牌照，以及谈判新的运输服务协议；及

4. Continued cultural and educational exchange, including through the Fulbright Academic Exchange Program and other exchanges of culture, education, science, and academic research.

继续进行文化教育交流，包括通过富布赖特学术交流计划和其他文化、教育、科学和学术研究交流。

The United States’ separate treatment afforded to Hong Kong has led to more than a dozen bilateral U.S.-Hong Kong agreements, including one on mutual extraditions, the Surrender of Fugitive Offenders Agreement.This treaty, which went into force in January 1998, was ratified by the U.S. Senate with the understanding that nothird-party transfers to other jurisdictions within the People’s Republic of China (PRC) would be allowed without U.S. consent and that Hong Kong courts would have the final adjudication authority as guaranteed under the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration. Although the Hong Kong government said its proposed extradition bill would not impact itsexisting extradition treaties——including arrangements with the United States—and promised no third-party transfers would beallowed, the question remained open concerning Beijing’s interpretation of the bill.

美国给予香港的特殊待遇促成了十多项美港双边协议，其中包括一项关于相互引渡、移交逃犯协定。该协议于1998年1月生效，美国参议院批准了该协议，但有一项谅解（备忘录），即未经美国同意，不得将第三方移交至中华人民共和国（PRC）的其他司法管辖区，香港法院将拥有《1984年中英联合声明》所保证的最终裁决权。尽管香港政府表示，其拟建议的引渡法案不会影响其现有的引渡协议——包括与美国的安排——并承诺不会转让第三方，但有关北京对该法案的解释仍有疑问。

While Chief Executive Lam announced in September 2019 the formal withdrawal of the bill from consideration in Leg Co, a similar bill could beproposed again in the future. One potential rationalefor reintroducing comparable legislation stems from Beijing’s concerns that corrupt mainland officials andother fugitives are living in Hong Kong.Chen Zhimin, former deputy minister of China’s Ministry of Public Security said in March 2019 that more than 300 “important criminals” have fled to Hong Kong from the Mainland.

虽然行政长官林郑月娥在2019年9月宣布正式撤回立法会审议该法案，但未来可能再次提出类似法案。重新引入类似立法的一个潜在理由是，北京对腐败的内地官员和其他生活在香港的逃犯的担忧。中国公安部前副部长陈志旼于2019年3月表示，300多名“重要罪犯”从大陆逃往香港。